BUSINESS OVERVIEW 6 the jurisdiction in charge of evaluation. The regulatory pathway Market Opportunity for GS030 in Dry AMD and GA is based on the following classification: an IND will be necessary AMD is a degenerative disorder characterized by loss of the for clinical trial initiation, and a BLA will be required at the time ofphotoreceptors and preservation of the RGCs, and is driven marketing authorization. In order to validate the adequacy of our by genetic and environmental factors. Central vision, which is non-clinical toxicology and safety program designed to support essential to read, perform precise tasks and recognize faces, the first-in-man study, we submitted a request for non-clinical is lost. Peripheral visual field is usual ly preserved. Macular scientific advice from the EMA in April 2016 and an early Type C degeneration typically occurs in patients over the age of 55. The meeting with the FDA. Both the EMA and FDA have agreed with early form of AMD is called dry AMD and can evolve over time our strategy in principle to evaluate toxicity in a rodent disease to late AMD. Late AMD can take two forms, either wet AMD model and in non-human primates, and we completed these or GA. Dry AMD is six times more prevalent than wet AMD. toxicology studies in 2017. Approximately 15 million people are affected with AMD in the In order to obtain agreement on the adequacy of the data United States, with a global prevalence of 170 million, and dry presented to support initiation of an IND in the United States, AMD accounts for approximately 80% of all cases of late-stage a formal Type B Pre-IND meeting was held with the FDA in AMD. The prevalence of AMD increases significantly in those December 2017. During this meeting, the FDA agreed in principle older than 75, reaching 22% in the population over 90. with our Phase I/I I clinical trial design, as well as CMC and medical device aspects to support an IND. The following image illustrates the deterioration of normal vision to blindness in AMD: GS030: Our Planned Strategy for the Treatment of Dry AMD and GA our integrated development platform to other indications beyond We believe that our optogenetics technology platform could ophthalmology, in particular, for degenerative diseases of the be used for the treatment of dry AMD or GA. Because GS030 central nervous system. uses optogenetics and can address diseases of photoreceptor degeneration regardless of the type of mutation, we believe that GS030, if successful in the treatment of RP, would be entirely 6.8 transferable to the dry form of AMD and would offer enormous PHARMACO-ECONOMICS OF BLINDNESS AND benefit to a common disease currently unamenable to therapy. VISUAL IMPAIRMENT Although RP and GA have very different origins, both diseases Blindness and visual impairment impact not only the individual are characterized by the degeneration of the photoreceptor cells but also the family, caregivers, and the community, leading in the patient’s retina. Upon evidence of clinical proof-of-concept to significant societal costs. The total annual cost of vision in RP, we may initiate clinical trials of GS030 for the treatment of disorders and blindness in the United States was estimated to be dry AMD and GA. $139 billion in 2013, and the total cost of blindness alone in the European Union was estimated at €32 billion, or up to €60,000 per patient per year. These figures include direct costs such as 6.7 medical treatment, medical visual prostheses, adaptations and LEVERAGING OUR PLATFORMS TO ADDRESS assistance devices, and special training and assistance programs, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS as well as indirect costs resulting from impaired vision, the loss We have established an integrated development platform of productivity and the need for supportive care, long-term care to replace or restore the function of retinal cel ls that have and the costs of social programs. These conditions also can have degenerated in order to regain quality of sight for patients, thereby significant, multidimensional effects on patients’ quality of life, transforming their lives. We intend to pursue the application of including their physical and emotional well-being. 82 – GENSIGHT BIOLOGICS – 2017 Registration Document